Bank of America completed its purchase of Merrill Lynch & Co and Wells Fargo & Co finished buying Wachovia, the latest sea changes in a transformed banking industry facing dire economic times ahead.
The Merrill takeover was completed on Thursday, ending more than 94 years of independence for the Wall Street investment bank and brokerage. The Wachovia merger closed on Wednesday, marking the denouement for a lender that started in 1879 with what it deemed a "very adequate" $100,000 of capital.
Bank of America has said it would issue about 1.71 billion common shares to buy Merrill, equal to about $24.1 billion, plus 359,100 preferred shares. The Wachovia merger valued that bank at roughly $12.7 billion.
By adding Merrill, Bank of America vaulted over JPMorgan Chase & Co and Citigroup to become the largest U.S. bank by assets, with about $2.7 trillion. Wells Fargo ranks fourth, with about $1.4 trillion. Bank of America and Wells Fargo are also the largest U.S. mortgage providers.
The mergers follow a year that saw several major U.S. financial providers find buyers, fail, or adopt new business structures amid the biggest financial crisis in decades, prompting the U.S. Treasury Department to craft the $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program to bail out the industry.
Merrill and Wachovia together suffered more than $48 billion of losses from January to September, largely because of writedowns tied to mortgages and other troubled debt.
Another big lender hurt by mortgage losses, Cleveland's National City Corp, was acquired Wednesday by Pittsburgh-based PNC Financial Services Group for about $3.9 billion, based on reported common shares.
Kenneth Lewis, chief executive of Charlotte, North Carolina-based Bank of America, had already spent some $110 billion on major acquisitions before buying Merrill, but his latest purchase may pose his greatest challenge yet.
He must stem defections from Merrill's "thundering herd" of 17,000 brokers and its investment bank, as he prepares to shed at least 30,000 jobs overall to help save $7 billion a year.
Adding Merrill makes the bank's brokerage, credit card, investment banking, mortgage and wealth management operations, plus its deposit base, the nation's largest or close to it.
"We are now uniquely positioned to win market share and expand our leadership position in markets around the world," Lewis said in a statement on Thursday.
John Thain, who was Merrill's chief executive, agreed to run Bank of America's global banking, securities and wealth management businesses.
In buying Wachovia, Wells Fargo trumped a lower bid by Citigroup, and more than doubled its size. Wells Fargo now has the nation's largest branch network, with more than 6,600 offices, and one of its largest deposit bases and brokerages.
Chief Executive John Stumpf is betting that San Francisco-based Wells Fargo properly assessed the risks in Wachovia's $482.4 billion loan portfolio, including a troubled $118.7 billion book of "option" adjustable-rate mortgages.
"We're being very thoughtful and deliberate in our three-year merger integration," Stumpf said in a statement.
On December 10, Wells Fargo said it expected to write down $71.4 billion of Wachovia's overall loan portfolio. The same day, Stumpf said at a conference that the housing slump was not over but that there were "early signs" a bottom might be near.
Wells Fargo is the nation's second-largest mortgage lender. It remained profitable by avoiding many of the risky loans that plagued Wachovia and caused Washington Mutual to fail.
Merrill's common shareholders received 0.8595 of a Bank of America share for each of their shares. Wachovia shareholders got 0.1991 of a Wells Fargo share for each of their shares.
Source: Reuters
The Merrill takeover was completed on Thursday, ending more than 94 years of independence for the Wall Street investment bank and brokerage. The Wachovia merger closed on Wednesday, marking the denouement for a lender that started in 1879 with what it deemed a "very adequate" $100,000 of capital.
Bank of America has said it would issue about 1.71 billion common shares to buy Merrill, equal to about $24.1 billion, plus 359,100 preferred shares. The Wachovia merger valued that bank at roughly $12.7 billion.
By adding Merrill, Bank of America vaulted over JPMorgan Chase & Co and Citigroup to become the largest U.S. bank by assets, with about $2.7 trillion. Wells Fargo ranks fourth, with about $1.4 trillion. Bank of America and Wells Fargo are also the largest U.S. mortgage providers.
The mergers follow a year that saw several major U.S. financial providers find buyers, fail, or adopt new business structures amid the biggest financial crisis in decades, prompting the U.S. Treasury Department to craft the $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program to bail out the industry.
Merrill and Wachovia together suffered more than $48 billion of losses from January to September, largely because of writedowns tied to mortgages and other troubled debt.
Another big lender hurt by mortgage losses, Cleveland's National City Corp, was acquired Wednesday by Pittsburgh-based PNC Financial Services Group for about $3.9 billion, based on reported common shares.
Kenneth Lewis, chief executive of Charlotte, North Carolina-based Bank of America, had already spent some $110 billion on major acquisitions before buying Merrill, but his latest purchase may pose his greatest challenge yet.
He must stem defections from Merrill's "thundering herd" of 17,000 brokers and its investment bank, as he prepares to shed at least 30,000 jobs overall to help save $7 billion a year.
Adding Merrill makes the bank's brokerage, credit card, investment banking, mortgage and wealth management operations, plus its deposit base, the nation's largest or close to it.
"We are now uniquely positioned to win market share and expand our leadership position in markets around the world," Lewis said in a statement on Thursday.
John Thain, who was Merrill's chief executive, agreed to run Bank of America's global banking, securities and wealth management businesses.
In buying Wachovia, Wells Fargo trumped a lower bid by Citigroup, and more than doubled its size. Wells Fargo now has the nation's largest branch network, with more than 6,600 offices, and one of its largest deposit bases and brokerages.
Chief Executive John Stumpf is betting that San Francisco-based Wells Fargo properly assessed the risks in Wachovia's $482.4 billion loan portfolio, including a troubled $118.7 billion book of "option" adjustable-rate mortgages.
"We're being very thoughtful and deliberate in our three-year merger integration," Stumpf said in a statement.
On December 10, Wells Fargo said it expected to write down $71.4 billion of Wachovia's overall loan portfolio. The same day, Stumpf said at a conference that the housing slump was not over but that there were "early signs" a bottom might be near.
Wells Fargo is the nation's second-largest mortgage lender. It remained profitable by avoiding many of the risky loans that plagued Wachovia and caused Washington Mutual to fail.
Merrill's common shareholders received 0.8595 of a Bank of America share for each of their shares. Wachovia shareholders got 0.1991 of a Wells Fargo share for each of their shares.
Source: Reuters
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